Ancient theaters from the Greek and Roman eras are spread out across the Mediterranean. The Greeks designed their theaters as large outdoor structures positioned on hillsides.
On the other hand, the Romans, while influenced by the Greeks, built their theaters on independent foundations.
The concept of theater originated in Athens, where it was utilized for celebrations dedicated to the god Dionysus, as well as for renowned Athenian tragedies, comedies, and satyr plays.
Romans, known for their less philosophical approach, sought entertainment that was thrilling and filled with laughter.
Mime plays, acrobatics, juggling, animal fights, and gladiator battles were popular forms of amusement during Roman times, though the latter two were more prevalent in Roman amphitheaters.
14. Roman Theatre of Orange
The Roman Theater of Orange in France is a remarkable relic from the 1st century AD, constructed to host captivating theatrical shows.
However, as the Roman Empire dwindled, the Church disapproved of what it considered to be uncultured displays, leading to the closure of the theater in 391 AD by official decree. Nevertheless, in the 19th century, the ancient theater underwent restoration, reviving its glory.
Today, it proudly serves as the venue for the Chorégies d’Oran, a vibrant summer opera festival.
13. Pergamum Theatre
Pergamum, an ancient city established by Greek settlers along the Aegean coast of Anatolia, held a significant place in Turkey’s historical legacy. Despite not being widely recognized, Pergamum boasts several remarkable structures, among which is the renowned theater.
Constructed during the 3rd century, this grand theater had an impressive seating capacity of 10,000 people, making it one of the steepest and most extraordinary ancient theaters worldwide.
12. Roman Theatre of Merida
The Roman Theatre of Merida in present-day Spain, as per an inscription, was constructed in 16 BC under the direction of Agrippa, a close confidant of emperor Augustus. This ancient theater had the capacity to accommodate approximately 6,000 individuals.
Over the course of centuries, the theater underwent multiple renovations, incorporating unique architectural elements and ornamental designs. Its restoration to its present state took place during the 1960s-1970s.
11. Odeon of Herodes Atticus
In loving memory of his wife, Herodes Atticus constructed the Odeon of Herodes Atticus on the southern side of the Athenian Acropolis back in 161 AD. This remarkable structure served as a vibrant hub for theatrical performances and musical concerts in ancient Athens.
Initially, it boasted a wooden roof and had the capacity to accommodate an impressive audience of up to 5,000 individuals.
10. Great Theatre of Ephesus
The ancient city of Ephesus, located on Turkey’s west coast, is a highly sought-after destination for tourists.
Ephesus was renowned for its majestic Temple of Artemis, one of the seven wonders of antiquity, until it was unfortunately demolished in 401 AD by a rampaging mob led by the archbishop of Constantinople.
Nevertheless, remnants of this fascinating city can still be admired today, including the awe-inspiring Great Theater.
This colossal structure, with a seating capacity of 25,000 people, originally served as a venue for captivating dramas but later transformed into an arena for thrilling gladiator battles during the Roman era.
9. Theatre of Side
Side, nestled along the sunny Mediterranean coastline of southern Turkey, is a beloved destination cherished for its picturesque allure.
Its origins harken back to the 7th century BC when Greek settlers first established this remarkable city, swiftly transforming it into a bustling hub of commerce and trade.
Side flourished as a significant trade center within the region, particularly renowned for its lucrative olive oil and slave markets.
Even today, remnants of its Roman era remain gloriously intact, inviting visitors to marvel at the impeccably preserved treasures such as the grand temple, the intricately adorned city gate, and the opulent ancient theatre, capable of hosting an impressive crowd of 15,000 to 20,000 eager spectators.
8. Bosra
Bosra, a captivating ancient city located approximately 140 km south of Damascus in Syria, holds a remarkable historical significance. It first gained recognition as an Egyptian hieroglyphs-mentioned city dating back to the 14th century BC.
Later, in 106 AD, the Romans successfully conquered Bosra and declared it as the capital of their province, Arabia. The city’s theater, constructed during the 2nd century AD, boasted an impressive capacity to accommodate up to 15,000 spectators.
Remarkably, due to the fortification efforts by the Ayyubids, Bosra’s theater stands today as one of the most remarkably preserved remnants of Roman theaters worldwide.
7. Jerash Theatres
Jerash, located in Jordan, is a renowned archaeological site that attracts a significant number of visitors, second only to the famous Petra.
Its prime era blossomed during the Roman rule, and today, it stands as a testament to one of the most remarkably preserved Roman provincial towns worldwide. Interestingly, Jerash boasts not just one, but two ancient Roman theatres.
Constructed in 165 AD, the north theatre served mainly as the city council chamber, accommodating around 1600 people.
On the other hand, the grander south theatre, built between 90-92 AD, could seat over 3000 spectators, taking its place as a magnificent architectural marvel of the time.
6. Delphi Theatre
During ancient times, Delphi held significant importance in ancient Greek religion as it housed the sacred sanctuary and oracle of Apollo.
The remarkable ancient theatre of Delphi, situated upon a hill, provided spectators with a breathtaking panoramic view of the entire sanctuary and the stunning landscape that lay beneath.
This architectural marvel, initially constructed in the 4th century, had the capacity to accommodate up to 5,000 eager attendees.
5. Aspendos Theatre
Aspendos takes pride in possessing one of the most remarkably well-preserved ancient theatres in history.
Situated in southwest Turkey, this theatre was constructed in 155 AD under the reign of the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius and had the capacity to accommodate an audience of 15,000 to 20,000 individuals.
Over time, the stage area was repurposed as a roadside inn during the Seljuk era, compelling regular repairs and upkeep. Consequently, the Aspendos Theatre has managed to endure till today with minimal loss of its original essence.
4. Greco-Roman Theatre
Taormina, situated on the eastern coast of Sicily, was originally established as a Greek colony. The Greeks constructed the theater of Taormina in the 2nd century BC, which was later modified and expanded by the Romans.
This ancient theater boasts a stunning location, offering breathtaking views of the bay of Naxos and majestic Mount Etna. Presently, it serves as the focal point for the renowned international film festival held in Taormina.
3. Roman Theatre of Amman
The Roman Theatre of Amman, located in Jordan, was constructed under the rule of Marcus Aurelius during the 2nd century AD.
With an impressive capacity of approximately 6,000 individuals, this grand amphitheater boasted a steep slope designed to provide optimal seating arrangements for spectators.
The theater was intricately carved into the natural hillside, strategically facing north to shield attendees from the scorching sun.
Divided into three tiers, the seating arrangement distinguished the ruling elite, who enjoyed proximity to the performances, followed by the military occupying the middle section, while the general public occupied the highest level.
Despite their distance from the stage, attendees in the upper tiers could still distinctly hear the actors’ voices, as the theater’s steep design facilitated superior acoustics.
2. Epidaurus
The theatre of Epidaurus, situated in the enchanting northeastern corner of the Peloponnesus in Greece, dates back to the 4th century BC, making it a remarkable testament to ancient art and architecture.
Even to this day, it remains one of the most awe-inspiring Greek theatres in existence. In contrast to Roman theatres, this theater incorporates the breathtaking backdrop of a verdant landscape into its very essence.
However, what truly sets the theatre of Epidaurus apart is its extraordinary acoustics.
Thanks to this marvelous feature, the voices of actors on stage can effortlessly reach the ears of all 14,000 spectators, ensuring an immersive and unforgettable experience for every single person, regardless of where they are seated.
1. Theatre of Sabratha
Sabratha, a city situated in Libya, has a rich history dating back to 500 BC when it began as a bustling Phoenician trading-post. However, it truly flourished during Roman rule, serving as a vital coastal hub for goods from Africa’s interior.
The remarkable Theatre of Sabratha, constructed during the 2nd century AD, still stands today thanks to the meticulous restoration carried out by Italian archaeologists in the 1930s.
This majestic structure boasts 25 entrances and could comfortably accommodate around 5,000 spectators.
